The decline in fertility is no longer limited to the southern states, but has proved to be a nationwide trend, while the total fertility rate (TFR) in several regions has fallen below the level of replacement, Sanyal said in an interview of Mint. According to him, India is now entering the same demographic crossing zone that has questioned countries such as China, Japan and South Korea.
“If it wasn’t for Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, we would be deep under the degree of replacement. Even now we are below the level of compensation and without these states the situation would be much worse,” he said. “This is a serious national concern that requires urgent attention.”
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The overall fertility rate in India, the most populous country in the world, dropped to 1.9 births per woman, dropped below the level of 2.1, according to the latest report on the world population of UNFPA 2025. Political leaders in the southern states began to defend political incentives such as tax reliefs, cash benefits.
“Surprisingly, we still have a population control department that operates throughout the country. They are outdated and must be closed, even in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh,” Sanyal said. “In these countries, birth rates are also decreasing, but we are also increasingly relying on them to maintain our national level of fertility for reasonable thresholds.”
According to Sanyal, the Indian population achieved an annual birth almost 15 years ago, and a declining number of students, especially in the southern and Himalayan states, is now forcing schools to close, thus stopping the idea of the explosion of the population more and more.
“Whenever I mention the closure of the school, it tends to evoke emotional reactions. But reality is in many regions, now more than half of the country, schools simply do not have enough children to remain viable,” he said. “The classrooms are shrinking and the sources are spreading thin.”
“Don’t attempt to regulate the blanket AI”
Although artificial intelligence (AI) disrupts businesses, jobs and society, Sanyal is against global pressure on the AI regulation, which claims that the universal approach to all sizes would suppress innovation.
As governments around the world are struggling with how to regulate AI, Sanyal said that two dominant models have appeared. The American model leans to self -regulation, largely innovate companies, while the state only intervenes when problems appear. It claims that this system allows faster technological progress and adaptation to the market.
On the other hand, the European model tries to prevent AI preventively and rely on bureaucrats to predict potential damage and pre -impose warranty.
India should achieve a balance between the permission of innovation and ensuring responsible deployment, a regulatory philosophy that differs from sweeping frames that are examined in the European Union and elsewhere, he said.
“In the case of India, I suggested a completely different model-model that comes with my own compromises. My design is: Don’t try to universal AI regulation.
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“There should be a strict silo – for example, AI that operates banking systems must be completely disconnected from satellites with AI or electric network operation,” he added.
In the research article last year, Sayal designed a flexible regulatory framework for AI, called for a specialized regulatory body, national algorithm register and centralized storage for innovations.
The contribution co -author with Pranav Sharmou and Chirag Dudani outlined a model based on complex adaptive systems and emphasized responsive and evolving supervision of strict controls.
This includes five key principles, such as setting of railings that contain harmful AI behavior and ensuring manual overwriting and chokepoints to maintain critical infrastructure under human control. In Sanyal, Sanyal claims that AI must adapt to real time, not to rely on static books.
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“So my first recommendation is to create hard boundaries between AI systems, even if it causes some inefficiency. Everything may not be associated with everything else,” he said. “Secondly, there must be legal requirements for overwriting a person at any critical checkpoint. And the third and most important we must introduce audits explanations.”
(Tagstotranslate) Prime Ministry Economic Advisory Council (T) Decline in Fertility (T) UnFPA (T) Artificial Intelligence (T) Critical Infrastructure Under Human Control (T) Complex Adaptive Systems (T) Evolving Over Rigid Controls Pradesh
