ICMR-NIN calls for a new framework for the regulation of processed foods

With obesity among Indian adults on the rise and household spending on processed foods rising significantly over the past decade, researchers at the ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN) have called for stronger regulation of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and foods high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS).

The researchers proposed a “dual-pronged” regulatory framework that combines the degree of food processing with nutrient content, and say India needs a more comprehensive approach to addressing diet-related health issues.

The proposal comes amid growing concerns about obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). According to the researchers, a formal regulatory definition of UPF is currently lacking in India, limiting the effective implementation of measures such as front-of-pack nutrition labeling, marketing restrictions and school food policies.

They argue that existing global classification systems may not adequately address Indian food, as food can be unhealthy either because it is ultra-processed, high in fat, sugar and salt, or both. Relying solely on the concept of ultra-processing or nutritional limits could leave significant gaps in food regulation and the development of India’s long-awaited front-of-pack nutrition labeling system, they said.

“India’s food system is unique, and so should its regulatory framework. Food cannot be judged solely by how much it is processed or solely by its nutrient content. A two-pronged approach will provide a scientifically robust and culturally relevant basis for food labelling, consumer awareness and future policy decisions,” said lead scientist SubbaRao M. Gavaravarapu.

ICMR-NIN Director Dr. Bharati Kulkarni said evidence-based food policy is critical as India faces the twin burden of malnutrition and rising obesity. The proposed framework is based on the dietary guidelines for India 2024 developed by ICMR-NIN, which for the first time included both food processing and nutritional aspects. It recommends that future regulations consider the extent of industrial processing, the amount of fat, sugar and sodium, and the unique characteristics of Indian foods and culinary practices.

Adoption of the framework could strengthen food classification systems, improve front-of-pack nutrition labeling, prevent misleading health claims on reformulated products and support efforts to address obesity and other diet-related non-communicable diseases in India, researchers said in a press release on Monday.

Published – 28 Jul 2026 0:10 AM IST