Landmark’s study of Indian scientists not only found that cells were recovering from the close stage of death, but also found a molecular mechanism that controls the recovery process, the opposite of the programmed cell death. Scientists in the Center for Cell and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, call the survival mechanism that they uncovered as “programmed cell recovery”. “Here we discovered a genetically coded recovery code, which we named a programmed cellular revival that allows cells to recover from a state of close death,” Dr. Santosh Chauhan, manager of CCMB researcher and corresponding author and published He says in the Embo Journal magazine.
The programmed cell death is generally considered an irreversible process. In recent years, however, scientists have found that some forms of cellular death may actually be reversed under certain conditions. Study of CCMB scientists led by Dr. Santosh Chauhan first revealed key molecular mechanisms that regulate the reversal of cellular death.
Serendipity
The First Signs of Programmed Cells of Cells Were Discovered By Accident When Kautilya Kumar Jena, WHO and PhD Student About Six Years Ago and Now at Bric-Institte of Life Sciences, BhubaneSwar (L-leucyl-l-leucine methyl ester-llome) Added to cause Lysosome-Mediated Cell Death in a Petri Dish, what ice to revive cells instead of causing death. Cells that are connected to the surface of the plate separate and come to the surface and show elements of similar cellular death. “The cells not only separate, but also show properties that indicate that cellular death has indeed begun, such as the bulging cell membranes. Chauhan. “The path to cellular death is not limited to phenotypic, but also molecular. We have seen many molecular manifestations of cell death, such as mitochondria disruption or disintegration.”
Although the process of the cellular death began, but has not been fully performed, since only the subletal dose of the causing death agent was used. Just five minutes after treatment with the death agent, the cells began to the process of apoptosis, as they appear with cells that become round. Thirty minutes later, the cells began to separate from the growth area and the cell membranes began to drain (blebbing), which is an advanced stage of cell death. Instead of another procedure towards the programmed cell death, instead of 80-90% of the cells, instead of 80-90% of the cells, re-connected to the surface and regained their normal morphology in six hours. And 16 hours after treatment with the aging agent, the cells seemed normal and started the division process. The remaining traces of abnormalities disappeared in 24 hours and the cells looked morphologically normal.
According to literature, 4-8 millimolar agents induce death are considered sufficient to kill cells. “However, we have found that the cell death process is initiated at this concentration, but is not completely performed. The cell death process will then attract U-opening and the cells do not die, but it is reflected when a subletal reagent concentration is used, which is really interesting,” Dr. Chauhan. Scientists have found that cells may recover even if the integrity of the plasma membrane is endangered, but not after the nuclear membrane disturbance. They found that resuscitation from cell death was a highly regulated, well programmed process.
Become cells similar to tribe
Scientists have found that the initiation of a programmed cell death actually causes cells to reverse from a differentiated state to a de-differentiated state, more than revealing the reversal of cell death. “Cells seem to be de-dimensional, something like embryonic stem cells. When the cells begin to die, they reprogram by characteristics similar to tribal, and then don’t die,” he says. “Because cells do not die, it seems that the reversal of cell death converts a fully differentiated cell into embryonic stem cells with the potential to regenerate and potential to heal.”
The conversion from the differentiated state to the de-dimensional stem cells was not found on the basis of morphological characteristics themselves, but also molecular. “We have performed the whole genomic sequencing of RNA and epigenom studies to find that adults, differentiated cells are reset and become cells similar to strains,” Chauhan. “Data suggests that reviving cells will trigger a molecular program imitating embryonic cells to rediscover a new life,” they write.
Healing wounds on the skin
Once scientists have observed that molecularly cells appear to look like tribal, they continued to test the regenerative capacity of cells that were treated by a subletal dose of inducting cell agent. First, scientists tested the ability of the reagent of the causing death (lome) when accelerating wound healing on the skin in the mouse model.
The induction -induction agent has been dissolved in water to obtain a concentration of 4 and 8 millionalar, and the water is locally applied to the wound surface twice a day. Lome -containing animals containing lome will heal compared to the “significantly faster” control group. On a single day of treatment, the average reduction of the wound size was 27% in 4 millimolar group and about 50% in an 8 millimerary group, while the control group showed only 3% healing. On the third day, the average wound size was reduced by 64% and 78% in 4 million and 8 millimolar groups, compared to only 23% healing in the control group.
The healing of the corneal wounds
After tasting success in the mouse wound model and scientists tested the efficiency of the subletal dose of the reagent for killing cells in the corneal healing. Cooperation with Dr. Kiran Kumar Bokara of CCBM, who studies the corneal damage models, scientists tested the healing of corneal wounds in mouse mode. The epithelium of the cornea of one eye was intentionally damaged by the gentle scraping of the corneal epithelium and the alkalia burns produced by local application of sodium hydroxide. The individual -induced cell death (LLIE) was administered locally twice a day for seven days.
There has been a “significant reduction” of the epithelial defect from the second day in the Lome group compared to the control group. “We found that again epithelization, which is a type of regeneration of epithelial cells, was very fast and dramatically better in the groups of the treated Lomate,” says Dr. Chauhan. The results show that the agent could prove to be a strong therapeutic possibility of treatment of corneal burn injury.
Regeneration of the tail tail
“We were more encouraged by the results of the healing of corneal wound wounds. Because the healing of the corneal wounds and healing would limit the surface to the surface, we wanted to test the real regenerative potential,” he says. To this end, they turned to the established model of Tadpole’s tail regeneration. In cooperation with Dr. Kumari Mahapatra from the University, Bhubaneswar, scientists tested the efficiency of LLIE when accelerating the tail regeneration in the Asian tree frog (polypedates maculatus). Tails of Asian tree frogs were amputated and then treated using four different doses of water containing lome. They observed a rapid blastina (cluster of undifferentiated cells that are formed at the point of injury and have the ability to regenerate the formation of an organ or pendant) in the treated group within 24 hours after amputation. The study found that treatment with various LLIE concentrations led to “significantly accelerated” tail regeneration compared to the control group. “In the case of tadpols treated with subletal concentrations of lome reagent, the tails regenerated five six days earlier than the control group,” says Dr. Chauhan. “We have done several molecular experiments to understand what is happening in the tail during regeneration, and we found that LLIE was working through lysosomes.”
Axon regeneration
In the next test to verify the regenerative capacity of the subletal dose of LLIE Agent, scientists in cooperation with Dr. Anindya Ghosh-Roy from the National Brain Research Center (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, tested the effectiveness of the agent in induction of the regeneration of Axons in C. Elegans. And they found that the length of the re -re -re -treatment was “significantly increased” in the treatment of LLIE. In addition, functional renewal has also improved “significantly” after treatment.
Increase in hematopoietic stem cells
Finally in cooperation with Dr. Rohan Jayant Khadilkar from the Advanced Center for Cancer Research, Research and Education (Actrec), Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, testing scientists when they were exposed to the stem nature of cells when exposed to the subletal dose of the Lome agent. Fruit flies larvae were treated with a cell death agent at subletal concentration (8 millimolar) for 14 hours. Fruit flies showed a “significant increase” in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the lymph glands after the treatment of lavate.
“These new knowledge about molecular mechanisms of programmed cell revival have promising therapeutic consequences and at the same time open new instructions for experimental examination,” he says, News and view the article In the same issue of the magazine.
“The medical promise is huge, from faster recovery to stroke or heart attack to tissue regeneration in degenerative diseases. Instead of replacing damaged organs, doctors could one day get the body to recover by awakening this hidden program,” he says. “This breakthrough opens a new chapter in cell biology and blurring the boundary between death and repair and suggesting the future where healing from the inside.
Word of caution
“But there is also a warning. Cancer cells can use the same revival program to withstand the treatment and return of stronger,” he warns. The elaboration of damage that such treatment can cause in people who have cancer, says: “However, cancer therapy kills tumor cells. But chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be suboptimal leading to cancer relapse. It is possible to kill fully, which is possible to power, which is ideally that it is, it’s, it’s, it’s, which is ideally, it’s, it’s, it’s, it’s, it’s, it’s, it’s, it’s, which is. Ideally, it is that it is, that it is, that it is, that it is in full.
